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  • New Research Division Publication – The future of NATO and R2P Ten lessons in norm formation
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New Research Division Publication – The future of NATO and R2P
Ten lessons in norm formation

Published: March 6, 2017 | Updated: January 15, 2026 2 minutes read

  • Research Paper 137:
    &quotNew Research Division Publication – The future of NATO and R2P
    Ten lessons in norm formation&quot
    , by Brooke A. Smith-Windsor.

Dear Reader,

NATO’s 2011 intervention in Libya under UN Security Council Resolution 1973 is generally acknowledged as the international community’s first attempt to operationalize the coercive provisions of the emergent international norm of the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) civilian populations form mass atrocity crimes.

While immediate operational goals may have been achieved and urgent threats to lives in Benghazi and elsewhere averted, more than half a decade on the post-intervention legacy is far from rosy. What followed the collapse of the Gaddafi regime in October 2011 is a Libya and neighbourhood still rife with instability and violence, and lingering concerns that NATO and its member states exceeded their R2P mandate for other ends.

Learning from this experience, by reflecting and acting on the ten lessons provided in this new Research Paper, offers a starting point to a reinvigorated Alliance focus on a maturing international norm that corresponds to both NATO’s crisis management as well as cooperative security core tasks. At a juncture when a newly-minted US administration is questioning the Alliance’s relevance, this could not be timelier.

Regards,

Jeff

Jeffrey A. Larsen, PhD, Division Head Research

More Research Division Publications…

NDC Public Affairs Office

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