From 5 to 9 May 2025, the NATO Defense College (NDC) conducted its Generals, Flag Officers and Ambassadors’ Course (GFOAC) on “NATO at 75 and the Changing Security Landscape”. The aim of this high-level Course is to enhance mutual understanding of security concerns, NATO’s interests and Alliance capabilities among generals, flag officers and senior civilian officials. More than 75 years after NATO’s creation, the Course offered a comprehensive overview of the complex security landscape faced by the Alliance, and of the key challenges that lie ahead.
This intensive 5-day programme brought together 80 participants representing NATO countries, the Mediterranean Dialogue, the Istanbul Cooperation Initiative and other selected partners across the globe.
The Course underscored the importance of anticipating future threats and building strong partnerships. Through lectures and panel discussions, participants delved into both current and emerging issues confronting the Alliance. Topics included the implications of artificial intelligence for NATO, the evolving threat of terrorism, and the future of the Alliance – highlighting the growing need for enhanced deterrence and defence capabilities across all Allies. The Course also examined regional security dynamics, with a focus on the transatlantic link, China and developments in the Indo-Pacific.
GFOAC 2025-1 began with opening remarks by NDC Commandant LGEN Nielsen, who underscored the importance of unity, collaboration and human interoperability. These principles were reflected throughout the Course, especially during insightful and constructive committee sessions. Conducted under the Chatham House Rule, the discussions enabled open exchanges on how NATO needs to adapt and evolve in this ever-changing security environment.
A final highlight was the keynote lecture and Q&A with Admiral Pierre Vandier, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation. He outlined the path to strengthening the Alliance’s deterrence through multi-domain operations, innovation and seamless interoperability – ensuring NATO remains strong and coherent.
With the conclusion of GFOAC 2025-1, the NDC continues its mission to foster dialogue and collaboration. The course enabled participants to forge lasting ties that will strengthen future cooperation within the Alliance and its partnerships.
NDC Public Affairs Office
(Prepared by Ms Britt Melinga, NLD C)
NATO Defense College